We are a cognitive neuroscience lab that studies how our brain allows us to learn, remember and to make good decisions.
The lab is located at the University of Hamburg, at the Institute of Psychology.
The lab is funded by the Excellence Strategy, the European Research Council and the German Research Foundation . Below you can find more information about us and what we do.
NOTE: The former lab at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development Berlin will close by the end of 2023. All hires will therefore be made for the Hamburg lab.
NOTE: The former lab at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development Berlin will close by the end of 2023. All hires will therefore be made for the Hamburg lab.
News
Sep 2023 |
New Paper: Goal-seeking compresses neural codes for space in the human hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex by Paul Muhle-Karbe, Hannah Sheahan, Giovanni Pezzulo, Hugo Spiers, Samson Chien, Nico and Christopher Summerfield was published in Neuron. |
Sep 2023 |
New Paper: The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex represents subjective value across effort-based and risky decision-making by Yuan-Wei Yao, Kun-Ru Song, Nico, Xin Li, Xiao-Yi Fang, Jin-Tao Zhang, Hauke Heekeren and Rasmus Bruckner was published in NeuroImage. |
Sep 2023 |
We are happy to welcome Alexa Ruel as a Postdoc at UHH! |
July 2023 |
New Paper: Trait anxiety is associated with hidden state inference during aversive reversal learning by Ondrej, Katja Wiech, Andrea Reinecke, Michael Browning and Nico was published in Nature Communications. |
May 2023 |
New Paper: Task state representations in vmPFC mediate relevant and irrelevant value signals and their behavioral influence by Nir, Mona Garvert, Hauke Heekeren and Nico was published in Nature Communications. |
May 2023 |
New Preprint: Reduction of aversive learning rates in Pavlovian conditioning by angiotensin II antagonist losartan by Ondrej, Judith Appel, Corinna Klinge, Lorika Shkreli, Michael Browning, Katja Wiech and Andrea Reinecke was published on PsyArXiv. |
May 2023 |
New Preprint: The relationship between latent state inference and (intolerance of) uncertainty by Ondrej was published on PsyArXiv. |
Apr 2023 |
New Paper: Hippocampal spatio-predictive cognitive maps adaptively guide reward generalization by Mona Garvert, Tankred Saanum, Eric Schulz, Nico and Christian Doeller was published in Nature Neuroscience. |
Mar 2023 |
New Paper: Neural and psychophysiological markers of intolerance of uncertainty by Jayne Morriss, Rany Abend, Ondrej, Daniel Bradford and Gaëtan Mertens was published in International Journal of Psychophysiology. |
Mar 2023 |
New Preprint: Respiration shapes sleep-oscillations and memory reactivation in humans by Thomas Schreiner, Marit, Tobias Staudigl and Bernhard Staresina was published on bioRxiv. |
Mar 2023 |
Noa co-organized the Cosyne workshop "Learning offline: replay, planning and memory consolidation across species". Go, Noa! |
Feb 2023 |
New Preprint: Regularised Neural Networks Mimic Human Insight by Anika, Léo Touzo, Paul Muhle-Karbe, Andrew Saxe, Christopher Summerfield and Nico was published on arXiv. |
Dec 2022 |
New Paper: L-DOPA enhances neural direction signals in younger and older adults by Christoph, Christian Bäuchl, Franka Glöckner, Philipp Riedel, Johannes Petzold, Michael N. Smolka, Shu-Chen Li and Nico was published in NeuroImage. |
Oct 2022 |
Nico accepted a professorship at the University of Hamburg! The Schuck lab at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development will continue until the end of 2023. Congrats, Nico! |
Research
Whenever we play chess, plan a vacation, or cook a meal, we are using past experience to inform our decisions.
Our research group seeks to understand how the brain can generate such flexible behavior by extracting and reusing information from memory to predict future outcomes. To do so, we conduct behavioral and neuroimaging studies and employ machine learning algorithms and computational models of reinforcement learning. Specifically, these are our key research areas:
Orbitofrontal cortex and the representation of task states
Predictions derived from reinforcement learning theory regarding prediction error and value signals have found much support in neuroscientific data. But what about the elusive state representations that are necessary for reinforcement learning algorithms? Is there a neural counterpart of these states? Our lab investigates the nature and potential neural basis of these task state representations, see for instance Schuck et al., 2016, Neuron or Schuck et al., 2017.The role of hippocampal replay in decision making
Fast sequences of neural activation patterns in the hippocampus have been linked to the 'replay' of previous spatial experiences. We investigate how such fast neural events can be detected with fMRI in humans and what their role is in decision making and creating a cognitive map of the current task, see Schuck & Niv, 2019, Science, Wittkuhn & Schuck, 2021, Nature Communications and Wittkuhn, Chien, Hall-McMaster & Schuck, 2021, Neuroscience and Behavioural Reviews.Influence of task irrelevant information on decision making
When we make a decision, we really should only focus on the few aspects that seem relevant. But we often fail to do that, for better or worse (getting distracted vs. thinking outside the box). Our lab therefore investigates the effects of task irrelevant information in decision making, see Schuck et al., 2015, Neuron and Schuck et al., 2022, PLoS ONE.How aging, genes and disease affect (spatial) memory & learning
Age and DNA have widespread effects on our brain as well as our cognitive abilities. Our lab investigates specific links between changes in neural representations associated with age and genotype, and cognitive changes. For instance, in Schuck et al., 2015, NeuroImage, we have investigated how well spatial boundaries are represented in the brain and how spatial navigation is related to this neural function. In Koch et al., 2020, Neuropsychologia and Koch et al., 2022, NeuroImage we compared older and younger adults to see how precise the aging brain can processes walking direction. In other papers we have investigated how genetic factors and disease influence our memory, see Schuck et al., 2018, Neurobiology of Aging and Thurm et al., 2016, Neurobiology of Aging.Recent Publication Highlights
Public Engagement
Oct 2022 |
The lab hosted two high school student interns for two weeks. We hope you grow to be great scientists, Luna and Louisa! |
Aug 2022 |
An article on the paper Spontaneous discovery of novel task solutions in children (Schuck et al., PLoS ONE, 2022) is available on Toutiao [Chinese]. |
July 2022 |
Marit was interviewed by the radio station "Radio EINS" for the Lange Nacht der Wissenschaften. You can listen to the emission here [German] . |
July 2021 |
Nico spoke on the coffee talk series of the DWIH Tokyo. You can watch the video in English and Japanese . |
June 2021 |
Anika gave a talk for the annual meeting of the Alexander von Humboldt foundation. |
May 2021 |
Nico spoke on a podcast with the young science reporters from Wissenschaftsreporter about learning in the brain, replay and why he wasn't a good student in Latin [German]. |
Feb 2021 |
Nico gave an interview for the TU Wien on visions, needs and requirements for (future) research environments. |
July 2019 |
Several articles and interviews on the paper Sequential replay of nonspatial task states in the human hippocampus (Schuck & Niv, Science, 2019) are now available on Altmetric. |
Team

Nico wants to understand the neural mechanisms of learning and decision making, and tries to lift these secrets using brain imaging techniques in humans. He studied psychology at Humboldt University, later had an affair with Machine Learning at University of Toronto, and did his PhD on cognitive brain aging at the MPI for Human Development. After a postdoc at the Princeton Neuroscience Institute, he started his own research group at MPI Berlin. Outside of the lab he is devoted to his family, running, the sun, good company, and the hope that humans will not destroy the planet earth.
Shany is interested in understanding how task representations are formed in the brain while learning a new task, and how can they be repurposed for solving new tasks. To do so, she uses fMRI, behavioral measurements and neural networks simulations. She completed her PhD at the Weizmann Institute in Israel, studying the visual system using fMRI and iEEG. She is deeply in love with her son Leo, loves running and spending time with family and friends.
Ondrej is interested in the neural representation of uncertainty and the role of anxiety in aversive learning. Before his PhD in Oxford he studied Psychology and Marketing where he worked as an RA in the O'Doherty lab at Caltech and later in the Bishop lab at Oxford. He is a fan of linux and ice hockey, likes to cycle, code and drink coffee.
Marit is interested in understanding the brain mechanisms underlying sleep-dependent memory consolidation. What happens in the sleeping brain when newly made experiences become long lasting memories? During her PhD at the University of Birmingham, she has started to address this question and follows up on it now by investigating replay during sleep using fMRI and electrophysiology. Apart from science, she enjoys electronic music, bouldering, and everything that involves wind and a kite.
Xiangjuan (祥娟) is eager to understand how the human brain enables learning, represents abstract concepts, and uses what it has learned to make subsequent decisions. To address these questions, she combines neuroimaging and computational modeling. She got her PhD degree and first training of postdoc in Peking University. Now she will open a new scientific journey to study the age-related effects on the occurrence and distribution of replay. Outside the lab, she likes drawing pencil sketch, theatre, stroll and absence of mind.
Lennart studied Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience in Dresden. During his PhD he investigates hippocampal replay in humans using fMRI and tools that make science better. Outside the lab he enjoys city cycling, bagel baking and doodle drawing.
Alexa’s research revolves around understanding how the brain creates and maintains abstract representations of cognitive and decision-making tasks and why these abilities change during healthy aging. She did her PhD at Concordia University in Montreal, Canada where she began to examine these research questions using EEG and computational modeling. Moving forward, Alexa is eager to apply fMRI and combined approaches to examine human representational abilities. Outside the lab, you can find her at the nearest yoga studio, reading a book in the park or baking for family and friends.
Christoph‘s interests are reinforcement learning, how the human brain reflects our environment, and what influence our age might have concerning both. He majored in Cognitive Neuroscience, loves climbing and connects to sloths on many different levels.
Anika is interested in learning, insight moments and replay in humans as well as machines. Before joining the lab as a PhD student, she studied Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience. She spends about 80% of her awake time listening to music, loves art and overcaffeinating.
Nir is interested in the representations of values and value-based decisions in the brain, mainly using human fMRI. Before his PhD he studied Psychology in Israel and Cognitive Neuroscience in Berlin. On an ongoing search for non-scientific hobbies, suggestions are welcome!
Fabian’s interests center around replay, representations (what they are and how they come about?), and the overarching question how cognition and the brain relate to one another. Before joining the group as a PhD student, he studied psychology and cognitive science. Outside the lab he can be found on a basketball court or the ever ongoing search for delicious food and the perfect cup of coffee.
Before joining the lab as an ECN PhD student, Noa completed her Masters in Neuroscience at the Berlin School of Mind and Brain. Her interests lie in how artificial and biological neural systems can inform each other about learning and decision-making. Away from her laptop she can mostly be found tap dancing, reading or enjoying a nice cup of tea.
Before joining the lab as a LIFE doctoral fellow, Luianta did her Masters in Psychology at Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, focusing on Neurocognitive Psychology. She is interested in memory and sleep and loves hiking, nature and good design.
Maria studied Psychology in Greece and is currently doing her Masters in Cognitive Science - Embodied Cognition at University of Potsdam. She is interested in how the use of technologies motivates and shapes human behavior. Apart from academia you will find her “wasting” her time on playing online video games and/or role-playing games.
Mona is interested in how the brain learns about the world. She has a PhD in Neuroscience from UCL and is now a Group Leader at the MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences. She loves travelling, food and coffee.
Rasmus is an adjunct postdoctoral researcher mainly based at Freie Universität Berlin. He develops and applies computational models of learning and decision making. The main focus of his research is on experience-driven learning in uncertain environments. He is also interested in modeling learning and memory in mice and the statistics of stock markets.
Prashanti is a doctoral candidate at the Berlin School of Mind and Brain, HU Berlin and at Freie Universität Berlin. Previously, she studied psychology and cognitive science in India. Her research interests are focused on reward-based decisions, outcome evaluation and learning under uncertainty. Beyond science, she usually enjoys reading, cooking and colouring.
Hashim is a doctoral candidate at the Max Planck School of Cognition and FU Berlin, with a background in computational neuroscience and electrical engineering. His research interests center around understanding how the brain adapts to make decisions in uncertain aversive environments. Apart from science, he is found either exploring hidden cafes, hiking or trying (read: failing) to play various new sports.
Eva plants fruit trees in her garden, self-confidence in her children and structure in her daily work.
Gregor supports us running experiments and is the reason we get all this high quality data to analyze.

Pablo
Lab Dog
Pablo is very interested in positive reinforcement and tries to get a hang of how to reduce uncertainty when searching for treats. He mainly does this in a sleep context. Reach out for collaborations, he is always happy to distract you while working.
Alumni
Postdocs
Samson Chien (now Data Scientist)Sam Hall-McMaster (now Postdoc at the Gershman lab, Harvard University)
Karolina Finc (Visiting Postdoc, now Assistant Professor at University of Torun)
PhDs
Lennart Wittkuhn (now Postdoc at University of Hamburg)Students and Research Assistants
Moritz Bammel (now doing Masters in Philosophy at FU Berlin)Sudeshna Bora (now Software Engineer)
Lydia Brundisch (now doing PhD with Markus Werkle-Bergner at MPIB)
Neele Elbersgerd (finishing Master thesis while doing a semester abroad at the University of Sydney)
Lena Krippner (now doing teaching level Masters in Physics and Philosophy)
Amanda Meira Lins (now doing Master thesis at Learning Lab at FU Berlin)
Leonardo Pettini (now doing PhD with Christian Doeller and John-Dylan Haynes at the Max Planck School of Cognition)
Marta Radzikowska (Research Intern from University of Amsterdam)
Verena Sarrazin (now Postdoctoral Research Assistant at University of Oxford)
Lion Schulz (now doing PhD with Peter Dayan at MPI for Biological Cybernetics)
Kateryna Yasynska (now Psychologist)
Join
We are looking for a research assistant! Details are here.Nico is not taking in PhD students in 2023.
Diversity Statement
The Schuck Lab is strongly committed to creating an inclusive research environment by promoting equity and diversity. We are mindful of our goal to provide equal opportunities for all - regardless of race, ethnicity and national origin, gender and gender identity, sexuality, class and religion - but not limited to those categories. At the Schuck Lab, we actively welcome students and staff from diverse backgrounds and we value the richness that diversity brings to the scientific community.General information
We currently have no open positions for interns. If you are a prospective graduate student, read the information below. We are also open for applications from Postdocs with relevant experience in cognitive neuroscience.Graduate Programs
Nico is a faculty member of the International Max Planck Research Schools COMP2PSYCH and LIFE as well as a member of the Einstein Center for Neurosciences. Potential PhD students can apply to these programms to join the lab, but should reach out to the program organisers and Nico in advance.Contact
BerlinMax Planck Research Group NeuroCode
c/o Nicolas Schuck
Max Planck Institute for Human Development
Lentzeallee 94
D-14195 Berlin, Germany
Visit our MPIB website
neurcode[at]mpib-berlin.mpg.de
Hamburg
Mechanisms of Learning and Change Research Group
c/o Nicolas Schuck
Institute of Psychology
Universität Hamburg
Von-Melle-Park 5
D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
Visit our UHH website
follow @nico_schuck